1984 Vocabulary

'1984' Vocabulary George Orwells 1984   tells of a dystopian future where the totalitarian government (called the Party) seeks to control not only language, but thought as well. Orwell created a whole new set of language rules with his Newspeak in 1984, showing how by reducing the ability to express oneself creatively, the Party could control how people spoke, and ultimately, know their thoughts. Instead of very good instead one using Newspeak would say plusgood and doubleplusgood. Orwell was particularly interested in nuances in language, and bemoaned what he viewed as   the loss of critical thinking and metaphor. 1984 - Terms and Vocabulary Heres a list of some unusual vocabulary words from 1984, by George Orwell. Use these terms for reference, study, and discussion. inscrutable: of an obscure nature discountenanced:  embarrassed gamboling:  playing boisterously or loudly multifarious:  having many aspects venerate:  regard with feelings of respect and reverence aquiline:  curved down, as an eagles beak stratum:  layers of material or divisions, or social classes in society palimpsest:  a manuscript on which more than one text has been written fulminate:  cause to explode violently and with loud noise anodyne:  capable of relieving pain sinecure:  an office that involves minimal duties niggling:  petty, trivial proletarian:  belonging to or characteristic of the working class wainscoting:  decorative paneling or woodwork fecundity: fertility, or cleverness (as in a fertile imagination) spurious:  not genuine, inauthentic oligarchy:  a form of government in which all power is in a few people or a dominant class truncheon: a club carried by a law enforcement officer forlorn: unhappy or miserable, hopeless More 1984 Resources Questions for Study and Discussion On 1984:Orwell Review

How to Conjugate Emprunter, to Borrow

How to Conjugate 'Emprunter,' to Borrow When you want to say to borrow in French, turn to the verb  emprunter. Verb conjugation is required to imply when the borrowing happens, whether that is in the past, present, or future tense. The good news is that  emprunter  is a relatively straightforward conjugation. Conjugating the French Verb  Emprunter Many French verbs follow common verb conjugation patterns. This allows you to apply what you may have learned with  depenser  (to spend) or  dà ©barrasser  (to get rid of) to a verb like  emprunter. Each of these is  a  regular -ER verb, the most common conjugation youll find in French. Changing  emprunter  to the present, future, or imperfect past tense is quite simple. First, recognize the verb stem  emprunt-, then add the appropriate ending for the subject pronoun and tense. For instance, I borrow is jemprunte in French, while we will borrow is nous emprunterons. Subject Present Future Imperfect j' emprunte emprunterai empruntais tu empruntes emprunteras empruntais il emprunte empruntera empruntait nous empruntons emprunterons empruntions vous empruntez emprunterez empruntiez ils empruntent emprunteront empruntaient Present Participle Adding -ant  to the verb stem of  emprunter  gives you the  present participle  empruntant. It is a verb, of course, though youll also find it useful as an adjective, gerund, or noun at times. Past Participle and Passà © Composà © Another form of the past tense beyond the imperfect is the  passà © composà ©Ã‚  and it requires a quick phrase construction. It begins with the subject pronoun, then a conjugate of  avoir, the most common  auxiliary,  or helping, verb.  To this, the  past participle  empruntà ©Ã‚  is added. It all comes together quickly: I borrowed becomes jai empruntà © and we borrowed transforms into nous avons empruntà ©. More Simple  Conjugations Among these simple conjugations of  emprunter, French students should memorize and practice those above first. Then, you can dive into some special uses of the verb. For instance, with a little study, youll know these passà © simple and imperfect subjunctive forms of  embrasser  when you read them. In more frequent use, the subjunctive verb mood implies uncertainty to the verb and the conditional form says that the action will only happen  if  something else does. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive j' emprunte emprunterais empruntai empruntasse tu empruntes emprunterais empruntas empruntasse il emprunte emprunterait emprunta empruntà ¢t nous empruntions emprunterions empruntà ¢mes empruntassions vous empruntiez emprunteriez empruntà ¢tes empruntassiez ils empruntent emprunteraient empruntà ¨rent empruntassent The imperative verb form is just as useful and even easier to remember. The key here is that you can drop the subject pronoun: use emprunte rather than tu emprunte. Imperative (tu) emprunte (nous) empruntons (vous) empruntez

Managing Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Managing Finance - Essay Example It could also be defined as a financial a and quantitative statement prepared and approved prior to a defined period of time of the policies to be pursed during those periods. Beyond Budgeting (BB) is an alternative that is more adaptive and devolved. It replaces the budgeting model with a more adaptive and devolved alternative. Criticizing budgets is not new. But to define a set of principles, that guides leaders towards a new management model, that is lean, adaptive and ethical, is (Robin Fraser, Jeremy Hope). A budget is a too static instrument and locks managers into the past - into something they thought last year that it was right. To be effective in a global economy with rapidly shifting market conditions and quick and nimble competitors, organization have to be able to adapt constantly their priorities and have to put their resources where they can create most value for customers and shareholders(Juergen H. Daum). In order to do that, they need the right concepts, management processes and tools, concepts such as the Beyond Budgeting Management Model. The introduction of new management instruments such as the Balanced Scorecard, which help to better align the entire organization with corporate strategic objectives and to focus it on the essentials, has created the right foundation. Because if corporate strategy and the objectives are clear for all people in an organization, one can principally react faster to changing market conditions. But then the fixed budget comes into their way and prevents them from really doing the right things. Though what is often missing is a more flexible operational planning and control model. The Beyond Budgeting model wants to fill exactly this gap. NEEDS FOR BEYOND BUDGETING The management system's task is to institutionalize decisions through management processes on strategy adjustments, but also on adjustments of operational enterprise activities and resource utilization plans. This should enable the enterprise to continually control and optimize its short and long-term success in a dynamically changing enterprise environment. TECHNIQUES The goal setting technique: It should be based on agreeing external benchmark based targets, not on negotiating fixed targets. This is focusing mangers on beating the competition and not on meeting the budget. If the market goes up, a manager is still challenged to do better than competitors. The motivation and rewards technique: It should be based on recognizing and rewarding team-based success. Today, no single person can act alone in achieving specific targets for an organization. To reward people individually for reaching specific targets will create tension and mistrust in the organization, which is a recipe for bad performance. The strategy and action planning technique: It should be devolved to operating mangers and made continuous. It should not be managed centrally as an annual event. Only this way a company is able to use the know how from the people at the customer front to adapt fast and constantly to changing market needs. The resource utilization technique: It should be based on local access to resources (within agreed parameters), not on the basis on allocating them through annual budgets. Only this way frontline managers are able to act fast in front of threats and to

Substandard Patient Care or Health Care Delivery Paper Essay

Substandard Patient Care or Health Care Delivery Paper - Essay Example Five years later, since his last admission due to Upper respiratory infection, he was again admitted for three days due to URI accompanied with Rheumatoid Arthritis and in the month of September 2005, he was treated for Gastritis. Anywhere around the world, there seemed to be an outbreak of Respiratory infections which includes viruses such as the influenza virus, SARS, and now the avian flu virus. Respiratory illness is a common chronic health problem and places a significant financial burden on the health care system. Respiratory symptoms are significantly higher among poorer children, those in the inner city, and among minority populations. Immigrants from outside North America and Europe constitute over twenty percent of Metro Toronto residents, yet relatively little is known about their experience of respiratory illness. (Thompson et. Al. 2004) There have been many organizations that focus on the needs of the ill older adults. NHS organisations in England recognises the importance of the NSF for Older People and the emerging practice and policies related to this, such as Intermediate Care, the single assessment process, the 1999 Health Act Flexibilities and has responded by re-focusing its activity to realign more closely with the local and national priorities. (2005) Published in 2001, this NSF focuses on people who are over 50 and still active but who need to be able to maximise and maintain their health as well as people with age related needs who may have more complex social and medical problems. (2005) The Department of Health, Services and Social Safety applies palliative care services which aims to achieve the best quality of life possible for patients and their family through active identification, holistic assessment and appropriate management of problems, when progressive advanced disease is not responsive to curative treatment.(29) There are over a half million older adult aged 65 or over who are living in care homes (nursing and personal care) and a large number end their lives in these care settings. Unfortunately, care homes can only provide appropriate terminal care if barriers to the provision of care are addressed. The National Council for Hospice and Specialist Palliative Care Services (NCH&SPCS) holds documents containing practice recommendations and therefore, the provision of appropriate terminal care makes the process of dying more comfortable and meaningful for a person and their family. Nightingale's (1860) theory on nursing evolves around the concept that the patient's recovery is highly related to the conditions of his environment. The environment of a patient has a direct effect on his recovery or his deterioration. According to Nightingale, "Nature alone cures." With that she stresses on the healing properties of the physical environment of the patient; fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness and a suitable diet. The environment not only refers to the physical aspect but also to the psychological and social environment surrounding the patient. Healthy communication with the patient and healthy environment keeps the patient's mind active and stimulated. Here Nightingale stresses that communication should be soothing and a form of

Reynolds and Reynolds Essay Example for Free

Reynolds and Reynolds Essay Reynolds Reynolds Case Study The Reynolds and Reynolds case about team selling had very many positives and few negatives, and was a very well rounded and planned way for the American Ford Dealership to improve its customer service sector. First, I wanted to point out the effectiveness of team selling that the Reynolds team did well. They had three people comprise the team, Mr. Sherman, Mr. Wiltgen, and Mr. O’Neill. Sherman would pitch the plan to the dealership and discuss the reports with them, Wiltgen was the implementation guy, meaning that he would set everything into place if and when they agreed on what plans to use, and O’Neill was the manager overseeing everything and was there for backup if needed. The three positions and roles they played stayed the same throughout the plan and they followed through with how they wanted to present. Another thing I feel was very effective was how Sherman brought to the attention of the dealership the â€Å"lost opportunities† they had and how more much profit they could have made the previous year. O’Neill confirmed these numbers, thus making a good team decision and presentation of the facts. Also, another effective point they made was bringing up the way the dealership’s competitors were doing business and what systems they were using. The one and only disadvantage I found during this team selling presentation was that Sherman took on multiple roles as the team leader and the business consultant, and the other two were basically just there on an as-needed basis. The Reynolds team also showed great execution to the client access, client education, and fulfillment perspectives. To satisfy client access, they split the client base into three categories: Actives (customers who have been in for service in the previous 6 months), Inactives, and New Customers. Splitting customers into these categories made it easy for the dealership to see who is coming in for service, who should be notified they are due for service, and those new customers they still want to target. They executed client education/ persuasion by creating the â€Å"Preferred Customer Card† program. They also did this by implementing over 100 different types of coupons that can be easily customized to each individual customer by type of car, zip code, etc. and with the service reminder program where customers would be mailed letters, coupons, and notified via phone call that they are due for service or there was a deal going on for them. Fulfillment was achieved by the dealership choosing to implement the Direct Drive program and the service reminder program ideas that the Reynolds team had presented to them, and setting up future plans between the marketing firm and the car dealership.

Waterlogging of Soil :: Environmental, Informative,

What is it? Waterlogging is the lower in land productivity through the rise in groundwater close to the soil surface, and also where the water table rises above the surface. The raised water table results in the soils becoming waterlogged and air spaces in the soil are filled with water, and plant roots, in effect, suffocate from the lack of oxygen, limiting plant growth in those areas. Where does it occur? Waterlogging occurs where bad irrigation methods are used and in poorly drained soils where water can't penetrate deeply. For example, there may be an impermeable clay layer below the soil. It also occurs on areas that are poorly drained topographically. Worldwide, about 10% of all irrigated land suffers from water logging. Currently Victoria has 1.8 million ha affected by waterlogging. Waterlogging occurs mostly on flat floodplain areas or gently sloping landforms with high rainfall and red duplex or heavy clay soils. What causes it? Water logging is caused by excessive irrigation on poorly drained soils, i.e. water enters the soil faster than it drains away. It occurs even worse where there is compaction of subsoil layers; where water quickly enters the topsoil but is then blocked by a water-resistant clay layer, which may occur naturally or may be induced through excessive use of agricultural machinery. Irrigation water and/or seepage from canals eventually raise the water table in the ground. What are the impacts? Water logging causes:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Damage to the soil structure.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Suffocation of Plant roots.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fall of productivity by about 20% in those areas affected. Waterlogging of Soil :: Environmental, Informative, What is it? Waterlogging is the lower in land productivity through the rise in groundwater close to the soil surface, and also where the water table rises above the surface. The raised water table results in the soils becoming waterlogged and air spaces in the soil are filled with water, and plant roots, in effect, suffocate from the lack of oxygen, limiting plant growth in those areas. Where does it occur? Waterlogging occurs where bad irrigation methods are used and in poorly drained soils where water can't penetrate deeply. For example, there may be an impermeable clay layer below the soil. It also occurs on areas that are poorly drained topographically. Worldwide, about 10% of all irrigated land suffers from water logging. Currently Victoria has 1.8 million ha affected by waterlogging. Waterlogging occurs mostly on flat floodplain areas or gently sloping landforms with high rainfall and red duplex or heavy clay soils. What causes it? Water logging is caused by excessive irrigation on poorly drained soils, i.e. water enters the soil faster than it drains away. It occurs even worse where there is compaction of subsoil layers; where water quickly enters the topsoil but is then blocked by a water-resistant clay layer, which may occur naturally or may be induced through excessive use of agricultural machinery. Irrigation water and/or seepage from canals eventually raise the water table in the ground. What are the impacts? Water logging causes:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Damage to the soil structure.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Suffocation of Plant roots.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fall of productivity by about 20% in those areas affected.

Limited Brands Financial Analysis

Limited Brands, Inc. , like many other companies, saw a downturn in profits and revenues during the economic slowdown. Limited Brands owns companies such as Victoria’s Secret, The Limited, Bath and Body Works and others. Chairperson and CEO Leslie Wexner did not fear the economic crisis, she did not focus on things that were out of her control, but instead, focused on getting even closer to the customer. Wexner (2010) stated, â€Å"we had to be frugal with resources, time and money†¦we streamlined the business, stayed lean and quick and concentrated all our efforts on the few things that produce the biggest returns. While there was a decline between 2009 and 2010, Wexner’s efforts paid off, as Limited Brands has seen an increase in profit margin during the 2010 year. Analyzing the notes in the income statement gives a better understanding of how Limited Brands is operating. Limited Brands fiscal year ends on the last Saturday of January each year. On January 31, 2 009, the cash and cash equivalents were $1. 17 million. On January 30, 2010, cash and cash equivalents were $1. 8 million. According to the notes, cash and cash equivalents consist of â€Å"cash on hand, demand deposits with financial institutions and highly liquid investments with original maturities of less than 90 days† (Limited Brands, 2010). The notes also state, â€Å"The companies outstanding checks, which amounted to $76 million as of January 30, 2010 and $86 million as of January first 2009, are included in Accounts Payable on the Consolidated Balance Sheets† (Limited Brands, 2010). Limited Brands continues to disclose the nature of their investment portfolio, which currently consists of â€Å"U. S. and Canadian government obligations, U. S. Treasury and AAA-rated money market funds, bank time deposits, and highly rated commercial paper† (Limited Brands, 2010). Accounts Receivables 2009 were $236 million compared to 2010’s receivables balance of $219 million. Limited Brands not only monitors the use and creditworthiness of individuals and businesses, when extending credit, but also limits the amount of credit exposure with any one entity when requesting credit. Inventories in 2009 were valued at $1. 18 million and declined to just $1. 03 million in 2010. For Limited Brands, inventories are primarily valued at the lower cost or market, on a weighted-average cost basis. Valuation adjustments are made at the discretion of management if the cost of inventory on hand, exceeds the amount expected to receive from sale or disposal of the inventory. Management bases the decision to adjust value based on future demand and market conditions, while also taking into consideration and analyzing historical sales data. Inventory Loss adjustments are also made for estimated physical loss of inventory since the last physical inventory. Managers will also take into consideration operating trends and historical data when making these adjustments. As of January 30, 2010, inventories consisted of: Finished Goods Merchandise$ 973 million Raw Materials and Merchandise Components$ 64 million Total Inventories$1,037 million Limited Brands discloses in the Restructuring section: In 2007 they recognized a pre-tax charge of $19 million related to excess raw material and component inventory with Bath and Body Works. The cost was included in Cost of Goods Sold, buying and occupancy in the 2007 Consolidated Statement of Income. Gross Profits for 2009 were $3. 02 million versus $3 million in 2008.

Diseases Found Through Fecalysis And Urinalysis In The Philippine Women’s University Community

The researchers thought of a topic wherein the researchers could benefit and relate the study to their field which is Medical Technology. The chosen study was entitled Diseases Found through Fecalysis and Urinalysis in the Philippine Women’s University Community. According to the researchers, the goal of the study is to determine the common disease of the PWU students since knowing the common disease through urinalysis and fecalysis can help bring out awareness to everyone that these tests should not just be ignored because if so, the diseases could affect one’s daily living.Thus, fulfilling it was a big thing. Objectives were listed, researches were conducted, limitations were seen and the study was further analyzed; the data were gathered and the procedures were done. The researchers conducted the study by using a tabular questionnaire as seen in Table 1 and sent it to the clinic. The researchers calculated the mean of the infected students in the tabular presentation data and the calculated Mean of the UTI-infected students was 9 while none of the respondents were infected in their fecal samples.In the end, the researchers concluded that urinalysis and fecalysis were definitely beneficial and that these helped spread awareness of living a healthier way even in the littlest ways viable. It is recommended for future researchers to know the common cause of UTI and how to prevent such. Lastly, the researchers could extend the time of study and so there would be increased number of respondents to be examined. INTRODUCTION The first laboratory test performed in medicine and has been used for several thousand years was Urinalysis.Today, urinalysis keeps on to be a great tool in obtaining important information for diagnostic purposes in medicine. Urine is an unstable fluid, and changes to its composition begin to take place as soon as it is voided. As such, collection, storage, and handling are important issues in maintaining the integrity of this spec imen. In the laboratory, urine can be characterized by physical appearance, chemical composition, and microscopically. Physical examination of urine includes description of color, odor, clarity, volume, and specific gravity, and this is taken from Echeverry, Hortin, and Rai.(2010).Routine and Microscopy (R&M) is commonly known as Urinalysis. It is an array of tests performed on urine and one of the most common methods of medical diagnosis. It can reveal diseases that have gone unnoticed because they do not show striking signs or symptoms. Examples of the diseases include diabetes mellitus, various forms of glomerulonephritis, and chronic urinary tract infections. The physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine is called urinalysis.It involves a number of tests to detect and measure various compounds that pass through the urine. Shtasel’s (2000) book entitled, Medical Tests and Diagnostic Procedure, Fecalysis is known as stool analysis. It refers to a series of la boratory tests done on fecal samples to analyze the condition of a person's digestive tract in general. Among other things, fecalysis is performed to check for the presence of any reducing substances such as white blood cells (WBCs), sugars, or bile and signs of poor absorption as well as screen for colon cancer.The accuracy of fecalysis can be compromised if a patient has not been properly educated about what he can and cannot do before or during the test. Fecal analysis is performed mainly to identify parasites. Sometimes, stool may be checked for dangerous bacteria, like salmonella, or for viral infections like parvovirus and corona virus. These tests are usually only performed when the pet is suspected of having these diseases and are not routine.According to Kee and LeFeve‘s (2001) Handbook of Laboratory and Diagnostic tests, the purpose of Urinalysis and Fecalysis are performed for several reasons: general evaluation of health; diagnosis of metabolic or systemic diseases that affect kidney function; diagnosis of endocrine disorders; diagnosis of diseases or disorders of the kidneys or urinary tract; monitoring of patients with diabetes; testing for pregnancy screening for drug abuse. This study only focuses on knowing the diseases which fecalysis and urinalysis will show.Moreover, the researchers intend to find out if the said tests are really needed to be conducted. Due to complexities and limited time, the researchers neither engage themselves into studies that deal on the causes of the diseases nor into ways on how to cure the diseases. Our primary objective in our study is to provide information regarding health awareness. Furthermore, the parameters of this study are set only from the two tests conducted, arranged procedures, written statements of the problem, listed recommendations and up to the feasibility of accomplishing a research paper. Diseases Found Through Fecalysis And Urinalysis In The Philippine Women’s University Community ABSTRACTThe researchers thought of a topic wherein the researchers could benefit and relate the study to their field which is Medical Technology. The chosen study was entitled Diseases Found through Fecalysis and Urinalysis in the Philippine Women’s University Community. According to the researchers, the goal of the study is to determine the common disease of the PWU students since knowing the common disease through urinalysis and fecalysis can help bring out awareness to everyone that these tests should not just be ignored because if so, the diseases could affect one’s daily living. Thus, fulfilling it was a big thing. Objectives were listed, researches were conducted, limitations were seen and the study was further analyzed; the data were gathered and the procedures were done.The researchers conducted the study by using a tabular questionnaire as seen in Table 1 and sent it to the clinic. The researchers calculated the mean of the infected students in the tabular pres entation data and the calculated Mean of the UTI-infected students was 9 while none of the respondents were infected in their fecal samples. In the end, the researchers concluded that urinalysis and fecalysis were definitely beneficial and that these helped spread awareness of living a healthier way even in the littlest ways viable. It is recommended for future researchers to know the common cause of UTI and how to prevent such. Lastly, the researchers could extend the time of study and so there would be increased number of respondents to be examined.INTRODUCTIONThe first laboratory test performed in medicine and has been used for several thousand years was Urinalysis. Today, urinalysis keeps on to be a great tool in obtaining important information for diagnostic purposes in medicine. Urine is an unstable fluid, and changes to its composition begin to take place as soon as it is voided. As such, collection, storage, and handling are important issues in maintaining the integrity of t his specimen. In the laboratory, urine can be characterized by physical appearance, chemical composition, and microscopically. Physical examination of urine includes description of color, odor, clarity, volume, and specific gravity, and this is taken from Echeverry, Hortin, and Rai. (2010).Routine and Microscopy(R&M) is commonly known as Urinalysis. It is an array of tests performed on urine and one of the most common methods of medical diagnosis. It can reveal diseases that have gone unnoticed because they do not show striking signs or symptoms. Examples of the diseases include diabetes mellitus, various forms of glomerulonephritis, and chronic urinary tract infections. The physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine is called urinalysis. It involves a number of tests to detect and measure various compounds that pass through the urine. Shtasel’s (2000) book entitled, Medical Tests and Diagnostic Procedure, Fecalysis is known as stool analysis. It refers to a ser ies of laboratory tests done on fecal samples to analyze the condition of a person's digestive tract in general.Among other things, fecalysis is performed to check for the presence of any reducing substances such as white blood cells (WBCs), sugars, or bile and signs of poor absorption as well as screen for colon cancer. The accuracy of fecalysis can be compromised if a patient has not been properly educated about what he can and cannot do before or during the test. Fecal analysis is performed mainly to identify parasites. Sometimes, stool may be checked for dangerous bacteria, like salmonella, or for viral infections like parvovirus and corona virus. These tests are usually only performed when the pet is suspected of having these diseases and are not routine.According to Kee and LeFeve‘s (2001) Handbook of Laboratory and Diagnostic tests, the purpose of Urinalysis and Fecalysis are performed for several reasons: general evaluation of health; diagnosis of metabolic or systemic diseases that affect kidney function; diagnosis of endocrine disorders; diagnosis of diseases or disorders of the kidneys or urinary tract; monitoring of patients with diabetes; testing for pregnancy screening for drug abuse.This study only focuses on knowing the diseases which fecalysis and urinalysis will show. Moreover, the researchers intend to find out if the said tests are really needed to be conducted. Due to complexities and limited time, the researchers neither engage themselves into studies that deal on the causes of the diseases nor into ways on how to cure the diseases.Our primary objective in our study is to provide information regarding health awareness. Furthermore, the parameters of this study are set only from the two tests conducted, arranged procedures, written statements of the problem, listed recommendations and up to the feasibility of accomplishing a research paper.

Individual Report on Econometric Models The WritePass Journal

Individual Report on Econometric Models Context Individual Report on Econometric Models ) also pointed out. Moreover, the model clearly pursued an estimate for multiple equations in the study, whereby the number of these equations were tantamount to the number of categories minus 1. The study also showed that each equation modelled the odds of being in a category, which is consistent with the ordered logit model (Sadler, 2008; Allegrezza and Dubrocard, 2012). It is important to note that the use of the aforementioned models for the two studies was consistent with their intention to quantify or measure variables in order to come up with objective and systematic results for the relationship between income and happiness. Both studies opted to use data from established data sets (ESS and GSS) to apparently facilitate generalisation of findings, with which they were successful. It may be pointed out that Oshio and colleagues’ (2011) results were congruent with   Caporale and colleagues’ (2009), reflecting the validity of the latter’s findings.   References Aldrich, J. H.m Alt, J. E., and Lupia, A. (2007) Positive Changes in Political Science: The Legacy of Richard D. McKelvey’s Most Influential Writings. Michigan: University of Michigan. Allegrezza and Dubrocard (2012) Internet Econometrics. Hampshire: Palgrave MacMillan. Caporale, G. M., Georgellis, Y., Tsitsianis, N., Yin, Y. P. (2009) Income and happiness across Europe: Do reference values matter? Journal of Economic Psychology, 30(1), 42-51. Gailmard, S. (2014) Statistical Modeling and Inference for Social Science. NY: Cambridge University Press. Gill (2008) Bayesian Methods: A Social and Behavioral Sciences Approach, Second Edition. NW: Chapman Hall/CRC.   Jones, A. (2007) Applied Econometrics for Health Economists: A Practical Guide. Second Edition. Oxon: Radcliffe Publishing Ltd.     Oshio, T., Nozak, K., and Kobayashi, M. (2011) Relative income and happiness in Asia: Evidence from nationwide surveys in China, Japan, and Korea. Social Indicators Research, 104 (3), 351-367.   Sadler, A. M. (2008) Determinants of Entrepreneurial Behavior among Immigrant and Non-Immigrant University Scientists in the US: The Impact of Cultural Predispositions and Learning. MI: ProQuest LLC.

Berenguela of Castile

Berenguela of Castile About Berenguela of Castile Known for: role in the succession of Castile and Leon; regent of Castile for her brother Enrique I Occupation: briefly, queen of LeonDates: January/June 1, 1180 - November 8, 1246Also known as: Berengaria of Castile More About Berenguela of Castile Berenguela was born to King Alfonso VIII of Castile and Eleanor Plantagenet, Queen of Castile. An arranged marriage to Conrad II of Swabia did not happen; he was murdered in 1196 before the marriage was held. Berenguelas Marriage In 1197, Berenguela was married instead to Alfonso IX of Leon, her dowry including lands were settlement of a conflict between Leon and Castile. In 1198, the Pope excommunicated the couple on grounds of consanguinity. The couple had five children before they dissolved the marriage in 1204 to remove their excommunication. Berenguela moved back to her fathers Castilian court, with her children. Berenguela and Castile When her father, Alfonso VIII, died in 1214, her mother Eleanors grief was so great that Berenguela had to handle the burial of Alfonso. Eleanor died less than a month after her husband did. Berenguela then became regent for her young brother, Enrique (Henry) I. Enrique died in 1217, killed by a falling roof tile. Berenguela, the eldest daughter of Alfonso VIII, renounced her own claim to the throne in favor of her son, Ferdinand III, later to be canonized as Saint Ferdinand. Berenguela and Alfonso IX - Battles Over Succession Berenguelas former husband, Alfonso IX, believed he had the right to rule Castile, and he attacked Berenguela and Ferdinand who won the battle. Berenguela and Alfonso IX also fought over who would succeed Alfonso in Leon. He wanted his daughters by his first wife to be preferred in the succession. Alfonso tried to marry one of these elder daughters to John of Brienne, a French nobleman and crusader who had been named King of Jerusalem. But John selected instead Berenguela of Leon, a daughter of Alfonso by his second wife Berenguela of Castile. Some of their descendents became Englands House of Lancaster. Unification Under Ferdinand When Alfonso IX of Leon died in 1230, Ferdinand and his mother Berenguela negotiated a settlement with Ferdinands half-sisters, and he brought Leon and Castile together. Berenguela of Castile remained an active advisor of her son, Ferdinand III. Background, Family: Mother: Eleanor, Queen of Castile, a daughter of Henry II of England and Eleanor of AquitaineFather: Alfonso VIII of CastileSiblings included: Urraca of Castile, Queen of Portugal; Blanche of Castile, Queen of France; Mafalda; Constanza; Eleanor of Castile; Enrique (Henry) I of Castile Marriage, Children: Husband: King Alfonso IX of Leon (married 1197-1204)Children:EleanorFerdinand IIIAlfonsoBerengariaConstance

Factors Used to Measure the Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Factors Used to Measure the Economy - Essay Example The essay "Factors Used to Measure the Economy" talks about such economic factors as the GDP, employment levels, inflation levels and the interest rates and tries to identify which of them is the best for this purpose. The GDP of a country is taken to be the value of all goods and services that are provided within the economic system. It can also be the total value which is added to a product at every stage of production whether the final product is a good or a service. It is measured on a period to period basis, therefore, it allows for easy comparisons to show how the economy has grown or shrunk over time. If the GDP of the United States grows from 10 trillion dollars to 11 trillion dollars in real terms over a one year period then it can be said that the American economy itself has grown by a trillion dollars in one year. Inflation level and interest rates are often connected with each other since both of them are dealing with the level of money which is being supplied to the economy. They are also popular in the media since they connect deeply with people’s abilities to borrow money and their money purchasing more goods and services (inflation). Interest rates refer to the cost of borrowing money which can be controlled by the government to slow down the economy if it appears to be overhearing or to increase economic output if the economy seems to be slowing down. Increasing inflation often means that prices are rising and unless wages keep up with rising prices, the standard of life for individuals is bound to go down.